Abstract This paper presents five major theses for understanding the new world conjuncture in which capitalism and humanity entered in 2015-2020. This period is characterized by the crisis of the capitalist civilization and mode of production; the terminal crisis and dismantling of the United States’ hegemony; the geopolitical bifurcation of the world’s economy into an imperialist bloc led by the United States and an emerging bloc centered on China and Russia that has been expanding towards the Global South; the ideological crisis of global liberalism and the rise of fascism and socialism as alternatives; and the crisis of the neoliberal accumulation pattern and the end of Kondratieff’s expansion phase that started in 1994. We briefly indicate the effects of these trends on Latin America.

Resumo Apresentamos cinco grandes teses para entender a nova conjuntura mundial em que ingressam o capitalismo e a humanidade a partir de 2015-2020. Esse período se caracteriza pela crise do modo de produção e da civilização capitalista; pela crise terminal e desmonte da hegemonia dos Estados Unidos; pela bifurcação geopolítica da economia mundial em um bloco imperialista liderado pelos Estados Unidos e outro emergente centrado na China, na Rússia e sua ampliação para o Sul Global; pela crise ideológica do liberalismo global e a ascensão do fascismo e do socialismo como alternativas; pela crise do padrão de acumulação neoliberal e o esgotamento da fase expansiva do Kondratieff iniciada em 1994. Indicamos brevemente os efeitos dessas tendências sobre a América Latina.

Abstract This study evaluated the influence of heating temperature variability on the degradation level of concrete by varying the exposure temperatures (200°C, 450°C, and 800°C) and concrete design strength (C25 and C40). The concretes were submitted to ultrasound tests (before and after heating) and then were ruptured by axial compression. After rupture, samples were taken from the fracture section of the specimens for microstructural analysis by scanning electron microscope (SEM), and molecular analysis by Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that the residual strength of the concrete can change significantly (values differing by more than 100%) with temperature variability in the oven. There were physicochemical changes in the concrete constituents. The variations in Raman spectra and morphological changes (SEM images) allowed to analyze the variation in the level of degradation of concrete after exposure to fire, at the same firing step, due to temperature variation in the ovens, being compatible with the results of compressive strength and ultrasonic wave propagation velocity (UPV). Thus, the study highlights the need for adequate mapping of the heat in the oven and monitoring of the temperature of specimens in studies of concrete at high temperatures.

Resumo Este estudo avaliou a influência da variabilidade da temperatura de aquecimento no nível de degradação de concretos, variando-se temperatura de exposição (200°C, 450°C e 800°C) e resistência de projeto do concreto (C25 e C40). Os concretos foram submetidos a ensaios de ultrassom (antes e depois do aquecimento), e, posteriormente, foram rompidos à compressão axial. Após a ruptura foram retiradas amostras da seção de fratura dos corpos de prova para análises microestruturais, por microscópio eletrônico de varredura (MEV), e análises moleculares, por espectroscopia Raman. Os resultados mostraram que a resistência residual dos concretos pode mudar de maneira significativa (valores divergindo em mais de 100%) com a variabilidade de temperatura no forno. Houve alterações físico-químicas dos constituintes do concreto. As variações nos espectros Raman e as alterações morfológicas (imagens em MEV) permitiram verificar a variação do nível de degradação do concreto após exposição ao fogo, em uma mesma etapa de queima, devido variação de temperatura nos fornos, sendo compatíveis com os resultados de resistência à compressão e com os de ultrassom (velocidade do pulso ultrassônico). Dessa forma, o estudo evidencia a necessidade do mapeamento adequado do calor no forno e do monitoramento da temperatura dos corpos de prova, em estudos sobre concretos sob altas temperaturas.

Abstract The objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of using LPL (Low power laser) to reduce pain, edema, and trismus after impacted lower third molar extraction. A split-mouth randomized triple-blind clinical trial was conducted at the Federal University of Ceará. For inclusion criteria, it was necessary that the patient presented a clear indication for removal of both lower third molars, in addition to both molars being in similar positions. The third molars (38 and 48) were randomly allocated to the test group that received the LPL application protocol, and to the placebo group that received a simulation of the protocol, making a total sample of 44 surgeries. Patients in the test group used an average of 50% of the amount of analgesics that was used by the placebo group, however, there was a statistically significant difference only on days four and five. Regarding trismus, the test group presented wide mouth openings, both at 48 hours and at 7 days after surgery compared to the placebo group, but without a statistically significant difference. For edema, we noted an equilibrium between the test group and the placebo group, but no measurement obtained a statistically significant difference. The use of LPL presented better pain and trismus indicators after complex extractions. The use of LPL is thus indicated as a complementary therapy to reduce postoperative discomfort caused by complex tooth extractions.

Resumo O objetivo desta pesquisa é avaliar a eficácia do uso de LBP (laser de baixa potência) na redução da dor, edema e trismo após exodontia de terceiros molares inferiores impactados. Ensaio clínico randomizado triplo-cego do tipo boca dividida foi realizado na Universidade Federal do Ceará. Para os critérios de inclusão era necessário que o paciente apresentasse indicação clara para a remoção de ambos os terceiros molares inferiores, além da obrigatoriedade de que ambos os molares estivessem em posições semelhantes segundo Winter (1926) e Pell & Gregory (1933). Os terceiros molares (38 e 48) foram alocados aleatoriamente no grupo teste que recebeu o protocolo de aplicação dO LBP e no grupo placebo que recebeu a simulação do protocolo, perfazendo uma amostra total de 44 cirurgias. Os pacientes do grupo teste usaram em média 1/2 da quantidade de analgésicos do que os do grupo placebo, porém, apenas nos dias quatro e cinco houve diferença estatisticamente significativa. Em relação ao trismo, o grupo teste apresentou melhores indicadores tanto em 48 horas quanto em 7 dias após a cirurgia em relação ao grupo placebo, mas sem diferença estatisticamente significante. Em relação ao edema, houve medidas na amostra favoráveis ao grupo teste e medidas favoráveis ao grupo placebo, mas nenhuma das medidas obteve diferença estatisticamente significativa. O uso de LBP mostrou melhores indicadores de dor e trismo após extrações complexas. Portanto, o uso de LBP é indicado como terapia complementar para reduzir morbidades causadas por exodontias complexas.

Abstract Introduction: Aortic aneurysms affect 3.3% of adults and there is a growing burden of small aneurysms detected, which may grow to need surgical repair. Still, we rely only on surgical therapy for this disease, left to monitor patients until they are candidates for treatment. Pharmacologic therapies have long been proposed and studied and still we have no evidence supporting drug therapy in small aneurysms. In this report we make a narrative review of basic molecular aspects of aneurysm disease and of evidence behind drug therapies that have been proposed and studied throughout the last decades.

ABSTRACT Chill is a limiting factor in commercial production of temperate fruit due to their dormancy mechanism. Thus, knowledge of chill requirements of cultivars is important to reach successful production. This study aimed at evaluating responses given by different pecan cultivars subject to artificial chill. Pecan branches were collected from twelve 9-year-old cultivars – Success, Shoshoni, Farley, Elliott, Mohawk, Jackson, Desirable, Barton, Importada, Shawnee, Choctaw and Melhorada – in two orchards located in Canguçu, Rio Grande do Sul (RS) state, Brazil, in 2017 and 2018. Treatments consisted in exposing branches to 0, 250, 500, 750 and 1,000 chill hours in a cold chamber (4.0 ± 0.5 °C) and then taking them to the germination chamber (25 ± 0.5 °C and photoperiod of 16 hours of light) until the end of the evaluations. Final budbreak rate (FBR) of every cultivar and the number of days required to reach 50% of budbreak (DD50%) were evaluated. Chill required by cultivars to start budbreak varied in both years under evaluation. Both FBR and DD50 were higher in 2017 than in 2018. Due to high variation in FBR and DD50, chill requirements of pecan cultivars could not be clearly determined by the biological method.

Abstract Chemical and pharmacological potentials of botanical species found in the Cerrado are well-known and widely studied. Chemical diversity of secondary metabolites produced by plants that belong to this Brazilian biome has triggered several studies in the fields of farming, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Therefore, this study aimed at evaluating the chemical composition of essential oils (EOs) from fresh leaves of three species found in the Brazilian Cerrado: Cardiopetalum calophyllum Schltdl. (EO-CC), Campomanesia adamantium (Cambess.) O. Berg (EO-CA) and Protium ovatum Engl. (EO-PO) and at determining their anti-Malassezia furfur and anti-inflammatory activities. Both GC-FID and GC-MS showed that the most abundant chemical class of the oils was the one of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. The major constituents identified in EO-CC were germacrene D (34.9%) and bicyclogermacrene (26.8%). EO-CA exhibited mainly germacrene D (21.7%) while EO-PO had high concentrations of germacrene D (25.0%) and γ-muurolene (18.6%). EOs were tested by the broth microdilution method on 96-well microplates and exhibited satisfactory activity against M. furfur, i. e., EO-CA had MIC = 375 µg/mL while EO-CC and EO-PO had MIC = 750 µg/mL. The chemotaxis model, which was used for evaluating their anti-inflammatory activity, showed that EOs exhibited effective results: C. calophyllum (EO-CC; IC50 = 24.4 µg/mL), C. adamantium (EO-CA; IC50 = 15.7 µg/mL) and P. ovatum (EO-PO; IC50 = 32.5 µg/mL). In short, biological activities of EO-CC, EO-CA and EO-PO, such as anti-Malassezia furfur and anti-inflammatory ones, were investigated and described for the first time.

ABSTRACT The welding of dissimilar steels such as duplex and superaustenitic stainless steels is often used in industrial applications. The effect of welding energy on the heat-affected zone (ZTA) and fusion zone (ZF) presents knowledge gaps to be researched in relation to the metallurgical and mechanical properties of these steels. Variations in the application of welding energy can favor the presence of a greater volume of the ferritic or austenitic phases, and in more critical cases, cause the formation of precipitates harmful to corrosion. This work aims to evaluate the metallurgical, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of dissimilar welding composed of duplex stainless steel S32205, as base metal, and superaustenitic stainless steel as weld metal, verifying the effects on microstructural, sensitization and anisotropies with the application of different heat inputs. In the microstructural analysis, the formation of first phase constituents, such as grain boundary austenite (GBA), witmanstatten austenite (WA), intragranular austenite (IGA) and secondary austenite (γ2) was verified. The microhardness values found were higher than those reported in the literature. In the corrosion tests, in environments with oxidizing chlorides, the samples showed pitting corrosion, with a high loss of mass in the specimens being detected. It is concluded that in the ZTA the metallurgical characteristics were maintained after the variation of the thermal input and in the ZF there was an increase in the loss of mass in the corrosion test in the analyzed samples.

RESUMO A soldagem de aços dissimilares, como os aços inoxidáveis duplex e superausteníticos é muitas vezes utilizada em aplicações industriais. O efeito da energia de soldagem na zona termicamente afetada (ZTA) e zona de fusão (ZF) apresenta lacunas de conhecimento a serem pesquisadas em relação às propriedades metalúrgicas e mecânicas destes aços. Variações na aplicação da energia da soldagem podem favorecer a presença de maior volume das fases ferrítica ou austenítica, e em casos mais críticos, ocasionar a formação de precipitados deletérios à resistência a corrosão. Este trabalho tem o objetivo avaliar as propriedades metalúrgicas, mecânicas e a resistência à corrosão da soldagem dissimilar composta de aço inoxidável duplex S32205, como metal de base, e aço inoxidável superaustenítico como metal de solda. Verificou-se os efeitos na microestrutura, sensitização e anisotropias com aplicação de diferentes aportes térmicos. Na análise microestrutural foi verificado a formação de constituintes de primeira fase, como a austenita de contorno de grãos (GBA), austenita de witmanstatten (WA), austenita intragranular (IGA) e austenita secundária (γ2). Os valores de microdureza encontrados foram superiores aos referenciados na literatura. Nos ensaios de corrosão, em ambientes com cloretos oxidantes, as amostras apresentaram corrosão por pitting, sendo detectada elevada perda de massa nos corpos de prova. Conclui-se que na ZTA as características metalúrgicas se mantiveram após a variação do aporte térmico e na ZF houve incremento da perda de massa no ensaio de corrosão nas amostras analisadas.

Abstract This article analyzes the nature of the knowledge, especially that of a specialized nature, evoked in the solution of the questions that made up the National Qualification Exams (NQE), developed within the scope of the Professional Master’s Program in Mathematics in the National Network (PROFMAT), between the years 2012 and 2019. The focus of this program was based on the development of a solid education in Mathematics, which contemplates the needs arising from the daily lives of teachers in the school space and their broad needs for development and professional appreciation. Therefore, a qualitative study was developed in which, from the interpretative content analysis, a total of 62 questions were classified in the light of the conceptual-analytical model Mathematics Teachers’ Specialized Knowledge (MTSK), which composed the NQE applied in the first semester of the 8 years analyzed. The analysis carried out showed that: a) more than 70% of the questions focus exclusively on knowledge that appears in only one subdomain of Mathematical Knowledge (MK), the Knowledge of Topics, while only 5% of them address knowledge that appears in all subdomains of MK; b) Absence, in all questions, of knowledge associated with the Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) domain. Thus, it is concluded that the evaluation developed through the NQE privileges knowledge that appears only in one of the six subdomains of knowledge that really support the teacher in his daily work with mathematics, which is opposed to the results of many relevant studies that emphasize the importance and impact of knowledge associated with the PCK domain in teaching.

Resumo Analisa-se, neste artigo, a natureza dos conhecimentos, especialmente os de cunho especializado, evocados na resolução das questões que compuseram Exames Nacionais de Qualificação (ENQ), desenvolvidos no âmbito do Programa de Mestrado Profissional em Matemática em Rede Nacional (PROFMAT), entre os anos de 2012 e 2019. O foco nesse programa deu-se por pautar-se no desenvolvimento de uma sólida formação em Matemática, que contemple as necessidades provenientes do cotidiano dos professores no espaço da escola e de suas necessidades amplas de desenvolvimento e de valorização profissional. Para tanto, desenvolvemos uma pesquisa de cunho qualitativo em que, a partir da análise de conteúdo interpretativa, foram classificadas, à luz do modelo conceitual-analítico Mathematics Teachers’ Specialized Knowledge (MTSK), um total de 62 questões, que compuseram os ENQ aplicados no primeiro semestre de oito anos. A análise realizada evidenciou que: a) mais de 70% das questões focam exclusivamente em conhecimentos que figuram apenas em um subdomínio do Mathematical Knowledge (MK), o Knowledge of Topics, enquanto somente 5% delas abordam conhecimentos que figuram em todos os subdomínios do MK; b) Ausência, em todas as questões, de conhecimentos associados ao domínio Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK). Assim, conclui-se que a avaliação desenvolvida por meio do ENQ privilegia conhecimentos que figuram somente em um dos seis subdomínios do conhecimento que, realmente, ampara o professor em seu trabalho diário junto à matemática e que se contrapõe aos resultados de diversas e relevantes pesquisas que enfatizam a importância e impacto, na prática docente, de conhecimentos associados ao domínio PCK.

Abstract Santana et al. (2022) described a new genus and species of fossil crab, Chronocancer camilosantanai, from carbonate concretions of the Romualdo Formation of the Araripe Sedimentary Basin. The journal in which the description appeared was published online only and the new name did not include a ZooBank registration number (LSID), as required for validation of new names in electronic-only publications. The present note serves to validate the name Chronocancer camilosantanai by fulfilling the ICZN conditions for nomenclatural availability. The date and authorship of the specific name, accordingly, are those of this note, not Santana et al. (2022).

Abstract This article seeks support in Foucault’s conceptions of ethics and aesthetics of existence to compose reflections on academic training in Physical Education. As a way to mobilize this intent, the notion of “technologies of the self”, found in the last stage of Michel Foucault’s work, is contextualized. Next, heterogeneous and differential approximations are outlined between the ethical problem posed to the constitution of the subject and academic training. Although these approximations must be seen with caution - in order not to take the constitution practices of ancient subjects as a distant origin to forge and explain a formative model for modern subjects - such approximations point to other non-hegemonic rationalities that oppose the enabling logics commonly attributed to academic training, which tend to be reduced to its instrumental aspects only. In this way, the reflections ahead here do not affirm general theories, nor good or bad truths about training, but give visibility to the composition of alternative discursive and non-discursive practices of elaboration and shaping of the self, established in the power dynamics that support them throughout the formative journey.

Resumen Este artículo busca apoyo en las concepciones de Foucault sobre ética y estética de la existencia para reflexionar sobre la formación académica en Educación Física. Como guía para esta reflexión, se contextualiza la noción de 'tecnologías del yo', que se encuentra en la última etapa de la obra de Michel Foucault. Posteriormente, se establecen aproximaciones heterogéneas y diferenciales entre la cuestión ética planteada en la constitución del sujeto y la formación académica. Aunque estas aproximaciones deben ser vistas con cautela - para no considerar las prácticas de constitución de sujetos antiguos como un origen lejano para forjar y explicar un modelo formativo para los sujetos modernos - tales aproximaciones apuntan a otras racionalidades no hegemónicas que se oponen a las lógicas capacitativas comúnmente atribuidas a la formación académica, que tienden a reducirse a sus aspectos instrumentales. De esta forma, las reflexiones que aquí se adelantan no afirman teorías generales ni verdades absolutas sobre la formación, pero dan visibilidad a la composición de prácticas alternativas, discursivas y no discursivas, de elaboración y transformación del yo, establecidas en los juegos de fuerza que las sustentan a lo largo del camino de la formación.

Resumo Este artigo busca respaldo nas concepções foucaultianas de ética e estética da existência para compor reflexões sobre a formação acadêmica na Educação Física. Como guisa à mobilização desse intento, se contextualiza a noção de “tecnologias de si”, encontrada na última etapa da obra de Michel Foucault. Na sequência, traçam-se aproximações, heterogêneas e diferenciais, entre a problemática ética colocada à constituição do sujeito e a formação acadêmica. Ainda que essas aproximações devam ser vistas com cautela - para não tomar as práticas de constituição dos sujeitos antigos como origem longínqua para forjar e explicar um modelo formativo para os sujeitos modernos - tais aproximações apontam para outras racionalidades não-hegemônicas que se contrapõem às lógicas capacitativas comumente atribuídas à formação acadêmica, que tendem a ser reduzidas apenas a seus aspectos instrumentais. Deste modo, as reflexões que aqui se avizinham não afirmam teorias gerais, tampouco verdades boas ou ruins sobre a formação, mas dão visibilidade para a composição de práticas discursivas e não-discursivas alternativas de elaboração e lapidação de si, estabelecidas nos jogos de força que as sustentam ao longo do percurso formativo.

ABSTRACT Pecan crops has been expanding in recent years, mainly in southern Brazil. Genotypes that compose Brazilian orchards come from the USA and from selections of plants made by Brazilian producers. This study aimed to characterize with microsatellite markers pecan cultivars registered for cultivation in Brazil, including some selections made in the country. It is important to know the genetic variability of the pecan tree, as it facilitates the identification of possible phytotechnical deficiencies due to the genetic similarity between the plants, in addition to helping in the conservation of the species, among other. Thirty-four, out of forty collected accessions, were genotyped with 11 selected SSR (Simple Sequence Repeats) loci. Twenty-four polymorphic alleles were identified. The genetic similarity matrix, based on the Jaccard coefficient, ranged from 0.125 to 1.0; general mean of similarity was 0.46. The cluster analysis, which was carried out by the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA), classified pecan accessions into four main groups. Results showed that there is high genetic variability in germplasm evaluated, although some accessions may be duplicates.

ABSTRACT Due to its combination of high mechanical properties, good formability, and low production cost, steel is a key material with potential for improvement in the metallurgical industry. Based on these conditions, this research evaluated the influence of material composition and incomplete austenitization parameters on the final metallurgical and mechanical properties of high-strength microalloyed steels after cooling in a medium with high severity. The applied cycle was based on the intercritical thermal treatment of microalloyed steels with niobium (Nb) and titanium (Ti) to increase the mechanical resistance and guarantee the tenacity of the material. An experimental study was carried out testing three intercritical temperatures, 806 °C, 775 °C, and 740 °C, with subsequent cooling in polymeric solutions in water. The studies showed that the intercritical temperature variation directly contributed to the difference in the second phase microstructure present in the samples. The heat treatment findings resulted in a microhardness of 434.2 HV0.01, characterizing the low-carbon martensite. The presence of a matrix consisting of ferrite and a second phase of low-carbon martensite promoted the typical behavior of dual phase steel. In the x ray diffraction, the presence of retained austenite was not evidenced, indicating the efficiency of the cooling rate. The experiments confirmed the influence of different engineering parameters and intercritical treatment on the mechanical properties. The study enriches the current knowledge about the development of variables for the development of dual phase steel from microalloying elements.

Abstract This study aimed to assess the cortisol, body and reproductive development of prepubertal Holstein and Holstein-Gir ¾ heifers at 27 months of age maintained in an integrated livestock-forest (ILF) system for 60 summer days compared to the monoculture system in full sun (FS). The ILF system promoted changes (P=0.02) in the cortisol levels of Holstein-Gir ¾ heifers and did not affect weight gain in any of the breed groups studied. Animals in ILF system presented a lower (P=0.006) vulvar development for the rima height parameter and similar for the vulva width parameter. The ovarian follicular population of Holstein-Gir ¾ heifers in the ILF system was lower (P=0.004); however, for the Holstein heifers, no statistical difference was found, and numbers were higher (P=0.08) in the ILF system. None of the other ovarian parameters studied had any changes, and we also found important racial differences. Weight gain (P=0.003), vulvar development (P<0.001), and mean follicular size (P=0.008) were higher in the Holstein-Gir ¾ animals. Based on such results, the effect of the ILF system at 27 months of age on stress and reproductive parameters in the Holstein breed is considered positive, although negative effects have been detected on reproductive parameters in the Holstein-Gir ¾ breed.

Resumo O artigo aborda as transformações que estão ocorrendo nas concepções sobre o ensino superior num contexto internacional. Apoiado numa bibliografia pertinente, destaca a construção de uma concepção específica para o ensino superior, denominada no artigo de modelo instrumental, que visa estreitar os vínculos das universidades com o campo econômico. Num primeiro momento, aborda o processo de construção desta concepção instrumental, indicando que, longe de seguir uma trajetória linear, constitui o resultado de uma conjugação de trabalhos realizados por acadêmicos, organismos internacionais e centros de pesquisa. Num segundo momento, o artigo aborda o surgimento da noção de entrepreneurial university, ou seja, da universidade empreendedora e sua difusão, ressaltando a inserção deste tipo de universidade na construção de uma concepção instrumental para as universidades.

Abstract The article addresses the transformations that are taking place in the conceptions of higher education in an international context. Supported by a relevant bibliography, it highlights the construction of a specific concept for higher education, called in the article the instrumental model, which aims to strengthen the links between universities and the economic field. At first, it addresses the process of construction of this instrumental conception, indicating that, far from following a linear trajectory, it is the result of a combination of works carried out by academics, international organizations and research centers. In a second moment, the article addresses the emergence of the notion of entrepreneurial university, that is, the entrepreneurial university and its diffusion, emphasizing the insertion of this type of university in the construction of an instrumental conception for universities.